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                                     August 2024 |Mahjubah Magazine17IntroductionIslam and Shia Islam recognize women as active and influential subjects in the propagation of religion and assign them a significant identity role. Prophet Muhammad advanced his mission with the support of his wife Khadijah and his daughter Fatimah. Following the Prophet%u2019s death, the Shia Imams continued to highlight the roles of women, such as Lady Zainab, during events like Ashura.The Role of Women in Intellectual and Social MovementsContemporary Muslim women have played significant roles in various movements, such as the Islamic Revolution in Iran. The Shia heritage provides a path distinct from feminism for Muslim women. During Arba%u2019een, women actively participate in social and spiritual life by following Shia identity models such as Fatimah and Zainab.Impact of the Arba%u2019een CeremonyThe Arba%u2019een ceremonies offer a suitable context for women to connect with Shia identity models. Female pilgrims, identifying with Lady Zainab%u2014a figure who endured considerable suffering%u2014find greater motivation to participate in the Arba%u2019een pilgrimage. This participation helps women to reassess and strengthen their identity as Shia women.Activist Women in the Ritual Context of Arba%u2019eenIn the ritualistic space of Arba%u2019een, activist women, through their interactions with believers and religious advocacy centers, become potential religious promoters. By engaging in social and cultural activities, they comprehend feminist discourses and seek to represent and reinforce the authentic identity model of Shia women.ConclusionThe Arba%u2019een ceremonies provide an appropriate context for women to connect with Shia identity models. By striving to align themselves with figures such as Lady Fatimah and Lady Zainab, these women seek to establish an identity beyond being mere objects of gender. This study examines the identity characteristics of these women and their relationship with the identity models of Shia women.Conceptual FrameworkPersonal and Social Identity:Identity can be defined as a collection of personal and social characteristics, attributes, emotions, and thoughts through which an individual achieves selfperception and self-concept. According to many theorists of personality, identity is a personal matter that denotes a sense of distinction, continuity, and personal autonomy. It is a prerequisite for any form of social life as it enables the establishment of enduring and meaningful relationships with others.Social Identity:Social identity not only facilitates social interactions but also provides meaning to individuals%u2019 lives. The significance of identity implies its constructed nature, meaning that identity is the result of agreements or disagreements and thus encompasses emotions and thoughts associated with them, which individuals achieve through self-interaction and the formation of self-concepts.Bourdieu%u2019s Theory:Bourdieu considers the reciprocal relationship between fields and both objective and subjective or cognitive structures through which individuals engage with the social world. Lifestyle and capital are interrelated concepts that mutually influence each other. Individuals choose a particular lifestyle based on the type and amount of capital they possess.Bourdieu%u2019s Forms of Capital:Bourdieu identifies four types of capital:- Economic Capital: Measured in terms of money, assets, and property.- Cultural Capital: Related to education, academic qualifications, expertise, and skills.- Social Capital: Refers to the network of social connections and the scope of individuals, groups, or communities.- Symbolic Capital: A specific form of cultural capital that pertains to prestige, status, and honors achieved by individuals within society.Field and Habitus:Actions and behaviors are products of individuals%u2019 habitus within a field of practice. The key to relationships, interactions, and actions of individuals is realized within a social space referred to by Bourdieu as a field.
                                
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